Introduction
Though Iceland has traditionally focused on collective survival over private coupledom, the national identity had largely been gendered, as with the vast majority of national identities elsewhere. In the case of the island nation, however, many of the gender markers have largely been reference markers rather than role enforcers, as in the following demonstrations:
Icelandic Names
In Iceland, traditional family names are largely encouraged, and the national registry maintains a particular list of Icelandic names as to ensure the continued survival of the Old Norse variants of names relatively near their original forms without Danish, Norwegian, or other outside interference. Rather than allowing for family customs from elsewhere to be imported, the nation enforces Icelandic names and naming systems, with official prefixes as necessary:
- -son (masculine)
- -dóttir (feminine)
- -bun (neuter)
The eth (ð) and thorn (þ) sounds are represented using the respective characters as listed in parentheses, with the eth being voiced and the thorn voiceless. For example, the following may be translated:
- Þórsson (Thor’s son)
- Þórsdóttir (Thor’s daughter)
- Þórsbun (Thor’s child)
Even though traditional gender markers continue to appear in Icelandic names at large, the official policies throughout the island are generally amongst the most liberating for LGBTQIA+ communities and additional gender identities. While gender markers in contexts elsewhere determine behavioral and social expectations alike, the Icelandic gender roles are generally more attached to purely reference points and factual information.
