Introduction
Dutch colonial history to the New World can be traced to both the West Indies and the East Indies, albeit with varied outcomes between success and failure. In the Western Hemisphere, the most notable of the Dutch colonial experiments were New Netherland in the modern New York area, as well as Suriname and Itamaracá, both in South America. Today, the island of Itamaracá is known as Ilha de Itamaracá and is located within the Brazilian state of Pernambuco. While Suriname is physically located within South America, much of the national population identifies with the Caribbean before ever identifying with the South American mainland.
In the Eastern Hemisphere, the most obvious Dutch colonization referred to the Dutch East Indies, now associated with modern-day Indonesia, a nation of only islands and the fourth-largest nation by population worldwide, only one rank below the United States of America. The Dutch had also settled the West Indies in the Western Hemisphere, resulting in such settlements as Oranjestad, Sint Eustatius; Oranjestad, Aruba 🇦🇼; Willemstad, Curaçao 🇨🇼; and Kralendijk, Bonaire 🇧🇶, just to name a few. Sint Maarten 🇸🇽, covering the southern portion of the island of Saint Martin, was also associated with the Dutch and remains a Dutch possession to this day.
